Applied Ecology and Management of Diseases Caused by Soilborne Fungi

We aim to improve management by understanding pathogen ecology to refine the timing of fungicide applications, target the survival of soil borne pathogen resting structures, and to alter abiotic conditions that lead to disease development. 

In the Great Lakes Region, we are working with multi-state collaborators to evaluate chemical application timings and active ingredients to better manage Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower, a ubiquitous and yield-limiting disease of sunflower. 

We are further exploring questions related to the impact of soil health health practices, such as cover cropping, on pathogen inoculum densities, pathogen survival, and pathogen-associated microbial communities.

Pathogen Epidemiology and Climate Adaptation

Changing patterns in temperatures and precipitation alter disease dynamics and agronomic management strategies. In Minnesota, growers are experiencing dryer than average summers with a higher intensity of rainfall events in the spring and fall season. Irrigated acreage is increasing with less predictable rainfall and dryer summers. We are interested in the interaction of irrigation and disease dynamics in the context of a changing climate and limited water allocations. We are currently working to understand the distribution and impact of a heat driven disease, charcoal rot, in Minnesota and we aim to define the relationship between water stress and disease development for several diseases projected to become more impactful under climate change scenarios. 

Phomopsis stem canker

Phomopsis stem canker

Student inoculating sunflowers with Sclerotinia

Sunflower Sclerotinia inoculations 

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Biology and Virulence Factors

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widely distributed soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus that causes yield losses in hundreds of dicotyledonous plant species. In Minnesota, important hosts include soybean, sunflower, dry bean, and canola. Management is complicated by its wide host range and persistent dormancy in soil. Our work aims to characterize aggressiveness determinants across crop species using multi-crop screenings and transcriptomic and genomic approaches to elucidate differential and conserved virulence factors across crops. We will use biotechnological approaches (such as RNA interference) to target virulence factors with the aim of developing tools to enhance crop protection. 

Multi-prong Approaches to Enhance Host Defenses and Disease Escape Mechanisms

We aim to improve plant defense strategies by targeting the aforementioned pathogen virulence factors using gene silencing strategies and by considering disease escape mechanisms that interact with pathogen biology. We are currently engaged with pathotyping efforts to characterize the population of Phytophthora sojae in Minnesota using efficient, molecular methods to provide soybean resistance gene recommendations. Additionally, we investigate the interaction between plant architecture and abiotic conditions that are important for the development of S. sclerotiorum. A better understanding of plant phenotypes that escape infection by S. sclerotiorum may lead to additional tools for breeders to enhance host defense of soybean against S. sclerotiorum.

Lab members phenotyping soybean

Architecture assessments

lab members screening soybean lines for their susceptibility to Sclerotinia stem rot

Lesion measurements for multi-crop aggressiveness screening